IINA: The Oil Policies of India are Torn Between the United States and Russia
On August 6, 2025, President Donald J. Trump of the United States signed an Executive Order imposing secondary tariffs on India, thereby raising the total tariff rate to 50%, in response to India’s continued procurement of Russian crude oil. Since the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022, India has actively purchased Russian crude oil and has not only used it to meet domestic demand but has also refined it and exported it to regions around the world as Indian petroleum products.
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