Over a decade has passed since Japan, along with four other Asian countries, was granted permanent observer status in the Arctic Council in 2013. Since then, Japan has actively contributed to Arctic scientific research and strengthened its collaboration with Arctic states. Now, in 2025, Japan is advancing into the next phase of Arctic science and diplomacy. Given the current geopolitical situation, Japan's Arctic cooperation—with both other Asian states and its partners in the Arctic—is probably more important than ever.

The 2024 Arctic Circle Assembly introduced the "Polar Dialogue," connecting the Arctic, Antarctic, and the Third Pole (Hindu Kush Himalayan region) to address global climate and geopolitical issues. While this initiative represents a significant step forward it faces key challenges, including bridging governance gaps and ensuring equity, particularly for underrepresented Third Pole regions experiencing rapid glacier melt. Discussions highlighted integrating Indigenous knowledge, fostering community cohesion, and prioritizing nature-based solutions. Geopolitical tensions and distinct regional needs demand inclusive, context-specific governance frameworks. Public awareness of Third Pole issues remains low, necessitating targeted advocacy. The Polar Dialogue’s success depends on actionable strategies, with key milestones like the 2025 Arctic Circle Delhi Forum ahead.

Along with global warming, the Arctic is experiencing rapid environmental changes. The shrinking of snow and ice, such as sea ice, snow cover, and ice sheets, means that the source of the Arctic cold is weakening, and while winters in the mid-latitudes, such as Japan, are generally milder, they are also frequently hit by cold waves and heavy snowfall. This is because the westerly winds are more likely to meander, making it easier for strong cold air to enter temporarily, and even if global warming continues in the future, there is a good chance that we will be hit by unprecedented cold waves and heavy snowfall.