Consequences from changes in the ocean's physics and chemistry, such as ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation, as well as sea level rise, have cascading effects, moving to ecosystems and to ecosystem services. Measures concerning the four options of mitigation, protection, adoption and reparation must be implemented at the regional and national government levels, in addition to the promotion of rapid and ambitious CO2 emission reductions at the international level, before global warming and ocean acidification cause irreparable damage to our ecosystems.

Amid the continued slump in the maritime transport market, since 2015 there have been significant merger and acquisition activities in the shipping industry, aimed at the enlargement of operation scales in order to increase competitiveness. Also, South Korean industry giant Hanjin Shipping filed for bankruptcy in August. Under such circumstances, three Japanese shipping firms announced the integration of their container-shipping operations this past October 31st. The structure of the container ship industry is experiencing changes on a global scale.
Selected Papers No.22(p.4)

If the highly efficient GPS devices on ships navigating offshore could accurately measure ocean surface levels, utilizing many of these such ships, it might be possible to create a practical system for predicting "Mega Tsunamis" that could devastate coastal megacities.