The ocean resource consists of fishery, sea-bottom mineral, and marine cultural ones; the main part of the third resource is underwater cultural heritage. Since the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage became effective in 2009, many countries have started tackling its themes such as training underwater archaeologists or building state-owned institutions. In Japan, contrariwise, neither governmental policy toward marine cultural resource nor national maritime museum exists. Given the circumstances, some matters concerning Japanese shipwrecks sunk during WWII develops into an international issue.