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Peacebuilding Program

Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) in Japan and ASEAN

Foreign ministers of Indonesia and Japan discuss progress toward the WPS agenda alongside the ASEAN-Japan Commemorative Summit in Tokyo

By Jackie Enzmann, Chief Editor


January 11, 2024
7 Min. Read
Speaking on stage
On December 16, 2023, the Peacebuilding Program of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation (SPF) welcomed Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Retno Marsudi and Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs Yoko Kamikawa for an event entitled “Why do we need women's perspectives? Female Foreign Ministers of Japan and Indonesia Talk.” In a landscape of complex conflicts around the world, this event explored the critical role of women in building and maintaining sustainable peace and highlighted areas for collaboration between Japan and ASEAN countries.

The event was held alongside the Commemorative Summit for the 50th Year of ASEAN-Japan Friendship and Cooperation, which invited heads of state from ASEAN member states to Tokyo from December 16-18. In recognition of the critical role of women in global security issues, the Joint Vision Statement issued during the summit included support of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda as a central element in pursuit of peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. 
Dr. Sunami at the podium

SPF President Atsushi Sunami

To open the event, SPF President Atsushi Sunami underscored the importance of collaboration, arguing that “Japan and ASEAN countries need to cooperate and pool our wisdom together to see if we can contribute to the stability of the world and the Indo-Pacific region in return. To resolve issues related to this uncertain global situation, creative thinking from diverse perspectives is needed more than ever.”

He also expressed the foundation’s commitment to supporting the WPS agenda through projects led by SPF’s Peacebuilding Program, including the recent launch of new research exploring the relationship between masculinity and peacebuilding, as well as peacebuilding efforts in Southern Thailand.

Support for the WPS agenda in Japan and Indonesia

The first session of the event featured a conversation between the Japanese and Indonesian foreign ministers in which they took stock of current efforts to promote WPS initiatives in each country and considered possibilities for regional collaboration.
Japanese foreign minister giving remarks

Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs Yoko Kamikawa

Foreign Minister Kamikawa during her opening remarks noted that WPS has become increasingly “mainstreamed in the international community,” brought into sharp focus by the devastating impact of ongoing conflicts around the world. “Looking at what is happening in Ukraine and Gaza, those tragic situations, and the impact on the world economy, food, energy, and others, [we see that] the economy, peace, and stability are inseparable issues.”

Given the interconnected nature of modern conflict and peace efforts, she emphasized the urgency of having more comprehensive discussions that include a range of stakeholders. “We need to have diversity of perspectives to see even greater stability in politics and to have democracy be nurtured in a richer manner,” she said, urging Japan to step up its efforts through international cooperation.
 
Foreign Minister Retno also touched on the ongoing conflict in Gaza and the continuing suffering of civilians, including women and children. “As a woman, as a mother, as a grandmother, and of course I'm a foreign minister as well, I cannot see this continue. I promise to myself to defend justice and humanity,” she said. “In a world becoming more divided, we need inclusive perspective that can enrich our understanding, enhance our actions, and bridge differences, and for sure, we need women perspectives.”

She went on to describe Indonesia’s leading role in promoting the WPS agenda, including the initiation of a Southeast Asian Network of Women Peace Negotiators and Mediators, launched in 2019, and other efforts while holding the chairmanship of ASEAN.
Indonesian foreign minister giving remarks

Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Retno Marsudi

She also highlighted Indonesia’s active participation in UN peacekeeping operations, with 119 women peacekeepers currently working in 7 missions, a number that is expected to more than double based on a recent pledge made at the UN Peacekeeping Ministerial. As part of these efforts, she pointed to longstanding cooperation between Indonesia and Japan in training peacekeepers and expressed her hope that this collaboration would continue.

The two foreign ministers were later joined on stage by Akiko Horiba, senior program officer of the Peacebuilding Program, to discuss the advantages and challenges they have faced as women in the foreign policy sphere.

Foreign Minister Retno, as the only female foreign minister in ASEAN, recalled entering what people told her was the “men’s world” of diplomacy at the beginning of her career and reflected on the challenges facing Indonesia during its tenure first holding the presidency of the G20 followed by chairmanship of ASEAN.
 
Foreign Minister Kamikawa also looked back on her journey toward understanding WPS as a parliamentarian and former justice minister. One key moment highlighted was her participation in an international meeting organized by SPF on the theme of women’s peace leadership where she was introduced to the concept of WPS. Upon returning to Japan, she noted that much of the dialogue around women’s issues tended to be siloed, limiting agility and effectiveness on crosscutting challenges such as natural disasters. This ultimately motivated her to form the WPS Parliamentary League in December 2022 as part of larger efforts in Japanese government. “As the foreign minister, I would like to forcefully promote WPS as a part and parcel of diplomacy,” she said, pledging to continue cooperation with ASEAN countries, Europe, and other partners.

Progress and challenges in ASEAN

The second part of the event included in-depth discussions with a panel of experts about ongoing efforts across ASEAN to implement WPS initiatives.

Kartika Wijayanti, project manager for the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (ASEAN-IPR), outlined broad efforts across the region, including the ASEAN Regional Plan of Action on WPS, which was completed in December 2022. This vision, based on the central pillars of the WPS agenda, outlines six strategic outcomes including the protection of the rights of women, girls, and marginalized groups in security policies; meaningful and equal participation by women in decision-making processes; ensuring peace and security mechanisms and processes take into account and prevent sexually and gender-based violence; among other initiatives. She also noted that progress continues apace across the region, with Indonesia and the Philippines already enacting their own WPS action plans, and Cambodia, Vietnam, and potentially Thailand currently in the process of developing their own policies.
Panel discussion

From left: Akiko Horiba (SPF), Nurul Izzah Anwar (Special Advisory Body for Finance Ministers in Malaysia), Amina Rasul (Philippines Center for Islam and Democracy), and Kartika Wijayanti (ASEAN-IPR)

Next, Amina Rasul, president of the Philippines Center for Islam and Democracy, provided an overview of the country’s efforts focusing on WPS, including the official launch of the Philippine National Action Plan on WPS in December 2023. She noted that the Philippines has faced conflict in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, and proposed that additional support from Japan could help with implementation of programs in the region.

Nurul Izzah Anwar, co-chair for the Special Advisory Body for Finance Ministers in Malaysia, provided an overall response to both presentations, arguing that countries must focus not only on rehabilitation but also conflict prevention, which requires a long-term vision that incorporates women. She also emphasized the importance of countering violent extremism, which requires strengthening the rule of law both nationally and internationally, providing people with an avenue to justice through legal means.

Peacebuilding Program Northeast Asia Southeast Asia
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