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SPF NOW

Recording narratives from the Japan War (WWII): Part 2

Interview with Sesino Yhoshü, documentary filmmaker

Sharing stories and traditions with future generations through film

Interview conducted by Jackie Enzmann, Chief Editor


October 3, 2022
8 Min. Read
Seventy-eight years ago, the northeastern region of India was the site of some of the fiercest clashes between the Japanese and Allied Forces during WWII, particularly in the state of Manipur during the Battle of Imphal and the state of Nagaland during the Battle of Kohima. To center the community perspective of this global event as remembered by those who experienced the war in their own community, the Sasakawa Peace Foundation (SPF) alongside The Nippon Foundation have collaborated with two teams on the ground to record the stories of people who lived through what is known locally as the Japan War, to provide insight into the region’s past and preserve these narratives for future generations.

In this two-part interview series, the leaders of this recording project – journalist and independent researcher Thingnam Anjulika Samom from Manipur and documentary filmmaker Sesino Yhoshü from Nagaland – spoke with SPF about their experiences collecting these narratives, the central role of women as storytellers, and the shared experiences of communities across Northeast India.

In part 2 of this series, Ms. Sesino looks back at her journey to filmmaking, and considers the role of the arts and film in bridging the knowledge gap between the traditions of the past and future generations. Comments have been lightly edited for clarity and length.
Documentary Filmmaker Sesino Yhoshü

Documentary Filmmaker Sesino Yhoshü

How did you get interested in filmmaking?  

As a child in Kohima, I did not have access to any cinema halls or much art. When I was around 10 years old, I remember one of my uncles bought my family a television, and I was so fascinated. I would come back running from school to watch certain programs. By the time I was in high school, I knew that I wanted to work in television, so I decided I wanted to be an international correspondent. 

When I was looking for journalism colleges, I learned about St Anthony’s College in Shillong, where I attended the mass communication course. In my journalism classes, I quickly realized that when the camera fixed on me, I would freeze, so my dreams of being an international correspondent went down the drain. Then I found out about all of the critical work happening behind the scenes, and that was what ushered me into production.  

After I received my bachelors in mass communications and video production, I studied electronic cinematography at the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune. At that time, all of my classmates were going to cities like Mumbai, which was the hot spot for films and anything to do with media. I have always wanted to come back home and contribute in whatever way I could, so I made the choice to come back to Kohima. I later decided to go to the UK to get my masters focusing on documentary filmmaking. I then came back to Kohima, fell in love, got married, and had a son. 

The landscape in Kohima, Nagaland

The landscape in Kohima, Nagaland

As a young mother in 2014, I could no longer travel as much as I wanted or disappear for weeks. I wondered how I could still make films, take care of my baby, and keep my family together. That’s when my production company TakeOne was conceived.

With TakeOne, we now have experts in every field, including audio engineers, cinematographers, scriptwriters, and editors. I wanted to nurture and train people, and together we could produce films and tell our stories through films. 

For me, after studying cinema, the way I saw things in Kohima – the mountains, the valleys, and colors – everything had changed. When I came back to Kohima, the industry was so small. Now, almost 20 years later, I see the arts sprouting everywhere and so many people doing video production, films, and music videos. I think many younger artists now realize the importance of understanding where we come from, of preserving our arts and culture, and supporting each other locally. I am so grateful that I got to witness this transition for myself, and it was so beautiful to see. 

You’ve been working on recording the testimonies from the Battle of Kohima, with the support of SPF and The Nippon Foundation, along with your team at TakeOne. How did you become interested in this project, and how did you come to work with SPF? 

The first production journey with SPF started when I heard that the foundation had invited Niketu Iralu to come to Japan and wanted someone to film the journey. Niketu has been doing so much for the Nagas, because we’ve had years of conflict not just with India, but within ourselves. He believes in something called “the still small voice,” which is the voice in you, your conscience. He encourages people to listen to each other. In fact, his house is called “Kerünyüki,” which means house of listening.

Group photo with Niketu

Niketu Iralu (second from left), Sesino Yhoshü (center), and members of the TakeOne team

At that time, I met Yui Nakamura from SPF’s Asia and Middle East Program, and TakeOne came on board with the support of SPF to produce the documentary on Niketu. Because of the pandemic, we weren’t able to have access to Niketu for a while, since he’s an elderly man and we had to be cautious.

Before the pandemic, he was planning to travel to Assam and to Manipur for some dialogues, but those journeys never happened. We’re waiting for something like that to happen in his schedule so that we can complete this film. 

Scene from documentary filming

TakeOne worked with SPF to film a documentary on Iralu Niketu

When I met Nakamura san in Kohima, I told her about the Narratives of the Battle of Kohima project. At the time, TakeOne was working to collect stories and create an audiovisual document of the Battle of Kohima. Nakamura san really supported the project and SPF came on board to help us with the first year, and later The Nippon Foundation came on to support post-production.

This project has really opened up our eyes and also our respect for the older generation. In the past, for the Nagas, transfer of knowledge was done through oral narratives. We rarely wrote down our stories. We realize just how important the narratives of our older generation is, and this is true for the Battle of Kohima too.

In the past, every Naga village had a formal institute called a Morung. Young people, after they reach a certain age, would be sent to Morungs to learn about our way of life, our stories, our dances, and value lessons. With the coming of western, formal education, the community and village-based Morung was sidelined. Instead, kids were going to school to learn their ABCs, learning how to speak English, and learning about everybody else except ourselves.  

I feel that there is a huge gap in the transfer of knowledge and that there is a generation that grew up with more focus on what the world is doing, and less focus on ourselves. TakeOne, through the Narratives of the Battle of Kohima and other projects we are doing with the State Center for Educational Research and Training (SCERT), is trying to bridge that knowledge gap and bring back our way of life and our traditions to the younger generations through modern audiovisual media and the arts.  
As you collected stories for the Narratives of the Battle Kohima project, what struck you about the experience, and did any aspect of the project surprise you? 

When I was growing up, I remember my grandmother narrating her experiences during the war and how she saw Japanese soldiers. I honestly thought it was boring and did not pay much heed. Only now do I regret it so much. My grandmother is no longer alive. If only I could go back, listen to her and record her story.

For this project, we interviewed 49 people and created 42 video portraits. We wanted to focus on personal narratives and especially on the experiences and accounts of women. Anytime we went looking for people in the villages who could tell us about the battle, people would all lead us to the men, never the women. In this project, we got new narratives from women, which are not written in books and which are not being told or passed on. That’s something really precious.
Filming one of the witness testimonies
Group photo
Another thing I noticed was that men’s narratives were generally very different from those of women. Traditionally, it was the men who governed the village, so naturally this was reflected in their storytelling. Elderly men would normally tell stories of their village and their perspectives were more generic. They would talk about the experiences of the village as a whole rather than personal experiences. For women, their stories were always personal. They would mostly talk about the things they had seen. It was interesting to observe the different ways we tell our stories.
At the Imphal Peace Museum’s third anniversary celebration, you and Anjulika presented the documentary films from the Battle of Kohima and the Battle of Imphal. What is the significance of bringing together these stories from Nagaland and Manipur? 

I didn’t think about it much before coming to Imphal, but one thing that really struck me is that we were always collecting stories in the context of the Battle of Kohima. I was not really spending too much time thinking about Manipur or about how, as neighboring states, we may have a common history or shared stories. 

When I saw some of Anjulika’s films, I realized that our circumstances were so similar. We both kept on saying that this was not our war. We just ended up in the middle, and against our will had to be actively involved.  
From left: SPF Senior Program Officer Yui Nakamura, Ms. Sesino, and Independent Researcher Thingnam Anjulika Samom at the Imphal Peace Museum anniversary celebration

From left: SPF Senior Program Officer Yui Nakamura, Ms. Sesino, and Independent Researcher Thingnam Anjulika Samom at the Imphal Peace Museum anniversary celebration

Generally, Nagas relate to the Indo-Naga War as our war to fight for self-determination. With WWII, it was not our war, so we call it Japan Ta, the Japan War. It was interesting to understand that there were many other people, many other countries, many other states, who were in a similar situation.  

I also love that the Imphal Peace Museum shows the local perspective, and is known as a peace museum. I heard that the inspiration behind this museum came from the war museum in Kohima. While ours is a war museum, I think that by adding the word “peace” to the Imphal Peace Museum, it gives so much weight to what the museum stands for and what our narratives stand for. In the end, it is peace that we all want. 

Strategic Dialogue and Exchange Program South Asia
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