Soft Recognition

Enabling Participation of Self-Determination Groups in Intergovernmental Organisations

By Sasakawa Peace Foundation and Conciliation Resources

March 24, 2025

International affairs are usually considered to be the preserve of the state. Central state authorities generally maintain control over core aspects including foreign policy in multilateral organizations. However, in this globalized and interconnected world, the lines between domestic and international politics are increasingly blurred. The big challenges of our time such as climate change, migration, or pandemics do not respect borders. They inevitably permeate and impact domestic agendas of individual states and affect everyone, including groups that enjoy a degree of self-governance within the state.

This report on 'soft recognition' of these groups sets out some of the mechanisms enabling their participation in intergovernmental organizations and diplomatic relations globally and regionally. It highlights the benefits – including conflict resolution potential – of such engagement for the populations they represent, as well as for states and the multilateral organizations concerned.

Content

1. Introduction
1.1. Audience, aims and limitations
BOX 1 - Definitions and terminology

2. Rationale and legal basis of TENSE international participation
2.1. Globalisation and connectedness
2.2. TENSE motivations
2.3. Basis of international participation of TENSE in international law
2.4. Rights and conflict
BOX 2 - Benefits of TENSE participation in international affairs

3. Forms of soft recognition of TENSE through their participation in IGOs
3.1. Basis for TENSE participation in IGOs
A. Inside the Member State representation
B. Outside the Member State Delegation
C. Full membership

4. Key messages / findings

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