The melting of glaciers and ice sheets in Arctic Greenland is continuing. This meltwater is affecting the ocean and its ecosystems, impacting the lives of people living in these harsh natural environments. Collaborating with local communities is vital for understanding this rapid climate change and subsequent impacts on the natural environment occurring in the Arctic region and society.

In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, some Arctic international cooperation has been temporarily suspended, such as the Arctic Council, while others, such as Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean, have continued to function relatively smoothly since the invasion. Even among those that are not functioning smoothly, the frameworks of cooperation themselves remain in place in many cases, and it is entirely conceivable that they may be revived in the future. Overall, it is true that the invasion of Ukraine has had a significant impact on Arctic international cooperation, but it has not caused it to collapse.

Indigenous peoples are calling for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to be applied in the international law of the sea. This article explains how the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAOF Agreement) and the Agreement on Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) include provisions to take into account the rights and interests of Indigenous peoples, what their substance is, and the current situation and challenges.