IINA: Thailand-Cambodia Border Conflict and ASEAN’s Limited Mediation Role
Since May 2025, Thailand and Cambodia have been locked in a cycle of armed clashes along their disputed border that have followed a familia pattern: military confrontation, a ceasefire agreement, renewed tensions in the border zone, and then another round of fighting. Major escalations occurred in July and December. What began as exchanges of gunfire flared into Thai airstrikes on Cambodian military facilities, while the militarily weaker Cambodia countered with drone attacks. The intensity of the clashes has grown, resulting in more than a hundred deaths—including civilians—and the displacement of roughly 800,000 people. Cross border economic and social activity has come to a halt.
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