調査報告書

2017年発行:The Impact of Unconscious Bias on Women's Career Advancement

カテゴリー区分	調査報告書
発行	2017.06
著者/編者	Amarette Filut, Anna Kaatz, and Molly Carnes

無意識の偏見（アンコンシャス・バイアス）が女性のキャリア形成に及ぼす影響についての報告書。

The Impact of Unconscious Bias on Women's Career Advancement

Amarette Filut, Anna Kaatz, and Molly Carnes
Unconscious Bias and Womens Careers_2017_en.pdf

This paper reviews some of the extant research on unconscious (or implicit) bias, a term that refers to cognitive errors in the way humans process information about themselves and others　based on stereotypic assumptions about social groups. Unconscious bias arises from the mere　existence of group stereotypes and can lead to errors in judgment and decision-making that　may unwittingly and unintentionally conflict with one's explicit and consciously held beliefs.　We discuss how cultural stereotypes about men and women give rise to unconscious gender　bias and how this bias systematically constrains opportunities for women's career advancement　in organizations, particularly in taking up top leadership positions and in fields historically　dominated by men such as the sciences, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine　(STEMM). We conclude with a review of interventions that appear to be successful in mitigating　the negative impact of unconscious gender bias on women in hiring and performance rewards.The discussion includes the description of one controlled study that approached unconscious　gender bias as a remediable habit and was successful in helping faculty at one large university　break the bias habit with improvements in department climate for all faculty.

Contents

The Impact of Unconscious Bias on Women's Career Advancement

Unconscious Bias and Womens Careers

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Unconscious Gender Bias
• Evidence for Unconscious Gender Bias
• How Gender Bias is Activated
• Prescriptive Nature of Gender Stereotypes
• Gender Bias is Mathematically Intensive Fields
• Stereotype Threat
• Bias to Opportunity in Leadership
• Strategies to Mitigate Unconscious Gender Bias
• Reducing the Influence of Unconscious Gender Bias in Hiring Practices
• Addressing Unconscious Gender Bias in Performance-Reward Practices
• Breaking the Gender Bias Habit
• Conclusion
• References