Facing increasing difficulties and challenges of security environment in East Asia, such as China's reinforcement of military capabilities and North Korea's development of nuclear warheads and missiles, Japan-U.S. Alliance has been strengthened recent years. Among other U.S. Allies and partners, Japan has remained a strong believer of the alliance with the U.S. However, it is doubtful that all American allies and partners share same views, having their own historical context with the U.S. and own ideas on order and principles.
　The discourses over American commitment to sustain regional security as well as liberal international order have been discussed in Europe and Asia especially after the election of Mr. Donald Trump as the 45th President of the U.S. Hence, they could differ in losing the confidence on the durability of American leadership in the world due to the historical relationship with the U.S., their regional context, and vision of global order. It is not clear how American allies behave and whether they can work together to sustain the order.
　An international order can be shaped by many factors. Hegemon's own reluctance for ruling is surely significant. So is other great power's revisionism, making use of such strategic opportunities. However, American allies have the potential to shape the fate of the order: if they succeed in acting collectively, it shall underpin the global governance for a while, and ensue the order transformation process in rather slow and peaceful pace. If they fail, it shall not only accelerate the U.S. retrenchment, but invite an emergence of divisive and competitive order.
　Looking at our future relationship, policy and strategies toward the United States in regional and international order from mid-to-long term perspective, it is now more critical to understand about the perception and the way of management of other "recipients" of U.S.-based international order, who are U.S. Allies and partners.